There are two types of particles which make up a neutron, gluons and quarks. There are 2 down quarks and 1 up quark and the gluons hold it all together.
I’m not sure which is smallest, or even if they have a size for that matter. Some particles are “point-like” which means that as far as we know they don’t have a measurable size. But maybe we just can’t measure to a small enough scale…
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